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Roulette ŋuti agbalẽwo: agbalẽ siwo nàxlẽ

Roulette ŋuti agbalẽ kple nuŋɔŋlɔ siwo dzi website sia nɔ te ɖo, wo katã blaeve vɔ eve, tso nuŋɔŋlɔ si woŋlɔ le ƒe 1657 me tso asixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ na ŋu va ɖo sukuagbalẽ si do le ƒe 2025 me, kple nyagbe ɖeka si gblɔ nu si ta wo dometɔ ɖe sia ɖe le vevie.

Ŋuɖoɖo kpui

Akɔntabubu (Huygens, Bernoulli, Halmos, Feller, Thorp, Epstein, Ethier, kple Bollman, Taylor kple Hunacek ƒe sukuagbalẽ yeyewo), ŋutinya (Lablée, Barnhart, Schwartz, Kavanagh, Marcus, Goldman), ŋutinunya (physics) (Bass, Small & Tse) kple gbeŋɔŋlɔ ɖeka si nyo wu wo katã (Dostoevsky). Nu sia nu si le website sia dzi nɔ te ɖe agbalẽɖoƒe sia dzi.

xoxotɔ
Huygens, 1657
yeyetɔ
Hunacek, 2025
agbalẽ ɖeka si nyo wu
Ethier, 2010
gbeŋɔŋlɔ si nyo wu
The Gambler, 1866

Akɔntabubu

agbalẽƒenu si ta nàxlẽe
Huygens, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae1657nuŋɔŋlɔ gbãtɔ si wota tso asixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ na ŋu; afi si EV tso
Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi1713xexlẽdzesi gãwo ƒe se, si gɔme ɖoɖowo mese o
Halmos, “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations”1939kpeɖodzi gbãtɔ si ku ɖe wo katã ŋu be bɛtɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖo aɖeke metrɔa emetsonu si wokpɔ mɔ na o
Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory, vol. 11968gafefela ƒe gaƒoƒu blibo bubu, nudzɔdzɔ zɔzɔ, ɖoɖo ɖe wo nɔewo yome; agbalẽ si dzi wonɔa te ɖo
Thorp, “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games”1969ɣeyiɣi si bɛtɖoɖo ƒe ɖoɖowo ate ŋu akpe ɖe ame ŋu (le fefe si me viɖe le na fefewɔla ko me) kple nɔnɔme siwo le emetsonu “ɖoɖo aɖeke mewɔa dɔ o” la megbe
Thorp, The Mathematics of Gambling1984roulette ƒe kɔmpiuta, si eƒe wɔla ŋutɔ gblɔ eŋu nya, kple akɔntabubu si fia ga ka nàɖo ɖe viɖe aɖe dzi
Epstein, The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic2013 (tata 2lia)wodzro kasino fefe ɖe sia ɖe me; roulette ƒe teƒe le wo dome
Ethier, The Doctrine of Chances2010roulette ƒe akɔntabubu ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ si de blibo wu si wota
Bollman, Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games2021bɛt kpeɖeŋutɔwo, ʋuafɔ siwo mebɔ o kple kaɖe roulette, wobu wo dometɔ ɖe sia ɖe ƒe asi, kple dɔwo
Taylor, Games, Gambling, and Probability2021 (tata 2lia)ɖoɖo ɖe wo nɔewo yome, Kelly ƒe bɛtɖoɖo kple gafefela ƒe gaƒoƒu blibo bubu abe nusɔsrɔ̃ ene
Bollman, Basic Gambling Mathematics2024 (tata 2lia)kasinowo ƒe nunana kple ga si wogbugbɔna na ame, kple ale si emetsonuwo ƒe ɖaŋɖi xea eɖokui ƒe fe kaba na kasino la
Hunacek, Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling2025nusɔsrɔ̃ gbãtɔ si bɔbɔ; lé ŋku ɖe eƒe nya si gblɔ be asixɔxɔ si wokpɔ mɔ na sɔ le bɛt ɖe sia ɖe dzi ŋu, elabena xexlẽdzesi atɔ̃ ƒe bɛt tsi tre ɖe eŋu

Ŋutinya

agbalẽƒenu si ta nàxlẽe
Lablée, La Roulette, ou le Jour1801fefe la ƒe nuɖeɖe blibo gbãtɔ, le gbeŋɔŋlɔ me
Barnhart, Beating the Wheel1992ʋuafɔ si ɖea akpa dzi fefe ƒe ŋutinya: Jagger, ame siwo do ŋgɔ na Pelayowo, mɔnuwo
Schwartz, Roll the Bones2006gafefe ƒe ŋutinya blibo; roulette ƒe teƒe le eme
Kavanagh, Dice, Cards, Wheels2005Frans ƒe gafefe ƒe dekɔnuwo; Palais-Royal kple tsidzidzeƒewo
Marcus, American Roulette2003bɛtɖoɖo le emetsonu megbe (past-posting) abe ale si eƒe wɔla si wonya wu gblɔe tso eme ene
Goldman, Great Gambling Scams2007Leigh le Nice, Marcus kple Ritz ƒe ŋutinyawo wogbugbɔ gblɔ; edoa dzidzɔ na ame, gake vodada le nyateƒe geɖe me (kpɔ Ameblewɔwɔ le roulette me)

Ŋutinunya kple viɖefefe

agbalẽƒenu si ta nàxlẽe
Bass, The Eudaemonic Pie1985afɔkpa me kɔmpiuta ƒe ŋutinya; agbalẽ si ŋkɔ le si nyo wu tso roulette ƒe ŋutinunya ŋu
Small & Tse, “Predicting the outcome of roulette”2012nu si woagblɔ do ŋgɔ ƒe ŋutinunya, si wodzidze; nu siwo hiã hafi viɖe nava
Pearson, “On the criterion…”1900chi-square dodokpɔ, si woɖe fia le roulette ƒe trɔtrɔwo dzi

Roulette ƒe ʋuafɔ ƒe ŋutinunya

Gbeŋɔŋlɔ la

Dostoevsky, The Gambler (1866). Woŋlɔe le ŋkeke 26 me be woaɖo agbalẽtala ƒe nubabla ƒe ŋkeke dzi, eye agbalẽŋlɔla si fe ɖe eƒe ta ŋutɔ le roulette ta lae ŋlɔe; gafefela ƒe susu me vodada, ɖoɖo la, didi si léa ame ɖe asi kple tsidzidzeƒe kasino la tso eme. Ekpɔ wu roulette agbalẽ ɖe sia ɖe si le etame eye nyateƒe le eme wu wo dometɔ akpa gãtɔ.

Bad Homburg kple tsidzɔƒe kasinowoDostoevsky ƒe Roulettenburg

Roulette agbalẽ siwo nyo wu na taɖodzinu ɖe sia ɖe

Na akɔntabubu la, Ethier, emegbe Feller. Na ŋutinyawo, Barnhart kple Bass. Na nu si ta amewo fea fefe la kokoko, Dostoevsky. Na kpeɖodzi si wua nyaʋiʋli ɖe sia ɖe tso ɖoɖowo ŋu nu, Halmos, eye na emetsonu ma ke le nya bɔbɔewo me, Thorp ƒe agbalẽ si do le ƒe 1984 me. Na dɔwo, Taylor alo Bollman. Afi si nya la tso ƒe adaka le nuŋɔŋlɔ ɖe sia ɖe dzi le website sia dzi yɔa agbalẽ siwo le agbalẽɖoƒe sia dzi.

Nyabiasewo

Ɖe roulette ƒe aɖaŋu ŋuti agbalẽ nyuiwo li?

Ɖeke si dzraa ɖoɖo aɖe meli o. Ta kpui aɖe le Thorp ƒe agbalẽ si do le ƒe 1984 me si ɖe nu si ta wodzea anyi me; Epstein kple Ethier ɖe ɖoɖo ɖe sia ɖe ƒe nɔnɔme me.

Afi ka mate ŋu axlẽ Pearson alo Huygens le?

Wo ame evea siaa ƒe agbalẽ ƒe kpɔkplɔ ƒe se megale wo dzi o eye wole internet dzi. Pearson tɔ sesẽ; Huygens tɔ le kpuie eye wòbɔbɔ be woaxlẽ le gɔmeɖeɖe me wu ale si woate ŋu asusui.

Nukokoe sue

Nu sia nu si le website sia dzi nye agbalẽɖoƒe sia ƒe nyagɔmeɖeɖe sue aɖe.

Nu sia nu si le website sia dzi nye agbalẽɖoƒe sia ƒe nyagɔmeɖeɖe sue aɖe.

Nunyaƒewo

  1. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010. Ta 13, roulette.
  2. Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1. Wiley, tata 3lia, 1968. Gafefela ƒe gaƒoƒu blibo bubu, ta XIV.
  3. Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.” Duke Mathematical Journal 5(2), 1939.
  4. Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.” Review of the International Statistical Institute 37(3), 1969.
  5. Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling. Gambling Times / Lyle Stuart, 1984.
  6. Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie. Houghton Mifflin, 1985.
  7. Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel. Lyle Stuart, 1992.
  8. Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette. CRC Press, 2021. Ta 2, roulette.
  9. Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024.
  10. Taylor, D. G. Games, Gambling, and Probability: An Introduction to Mathematics, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2021.
  11. Hunacek, M. Quantitative Literacy Through Games and Gambling. Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2025.
  12. Marcus, R. American Roulette: How I Turned the Odds Upside Down. St. Martin’s Press, 2003.
  13. Goldman, N. Great Gambling Scams. John Blake, 2007.
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